ADHD
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects attention, impulse control, and executive functioning. Treatment is most effective when it’s individualized and multimodal, often combining behavioral strategies, psychoeducation, and medication.
Core Treatment Modalities
- Behavioral Therapy : Especially effective for children, this includes parent training in behavior management, classroom interventions, and skills-building to reinforce positive behaviors and reduce disruptive ones.
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) : For adolescents and adults, CBT targets maladaptive thought patterns and helps develop coping strategies for managing time, organization, and emotional regulation.
- Medication:
- Stimulants (e.g., methylphenidate, amphetamines) are the most prescribed and have a strong evidence base for reducing core symptoms by enhancing dopamine and norepinephrine activity.
- Non-stimulants (e.g., atomoxetine, guanfacine) may be used when stimulants are ineffective or cause side effects. These work more gradually but can be effective for attention and emotional regulation.
- Psychoeducation and Coaching : Teaching individuals and families about ADHD fosters understanding and reduces stigma. Coaching can support executive functioning and goal setting, particularly in adults.
- School and Workplace Accommodations : Individualized Education Programs (IEPs), 504 plans, or workplace adjustments can help reduce barriers to success.
Tailoring by Age and Context
- Children under 6 :Behavioral therapy is recommended as the first-line treatment before considering medication.
- Children 6 and older : A combination of medication and behavioral therapy is typically most effective.
- Adults : Treatment often includes medication, CBT, and coaching to address functional impairments in work, relationships, and daily life.
ADHD treatment is not about “fixing” the individual—it’s about equipping them with tools to thrive. If you’d like, I can help you adapt this into a clinical resource or client-facing guide.
